Monday, 25 November 2019

A Reminder that the Case about Loliondo in the East African Court of Justice is Continuing, and Late and Limited Updates about the Horrible Proposal About Ngorongoro



In this blog post: 

The news that’s getting old
Court hearing
More about the insane proposal
The threat against the Osero
When the EACJ case was filed
OBC and the draft district land use plan
Kagasheki’s ugly threats and lies
Worsened repression
Majaliwa ”solving the conflict”
Germans
The horror of 2018
2019
Mollel’s prolonged arrest
The shocking proposal
How the defendants have reacted to being sued – committing outrageous perjury
The perjurers’ own documents
Reports about the strangest study tour to OBC’s camp


The news that’s getting old
On 5th November, in the East African Court of Justice, a hearing was resumed in Ref No. 10 of 2017, Ololosokwan Village Council & 3 Others (Kirtalo, Oloirien and Arash) vs the Attorney General of the United Republic of Tanzania. Five months had passed since the hearing was postponed in June, and this time two witnesses from Oloirien were cross examined by the state attorney, and then the case was again postponed.

All I’ve been told is that the state attorney, Abubakar Mrisha, tried to confuse the witnesses – a warrior and an elder from Oloirien (names are known, but I’m following advice not to write them) – but that they stayed put. It must be difficult for the state attorney to “prove” any version of events when the defendant’s witnesses keep changing their lies, and all he can do is to try to confuse the witnesses and the court. There were six more villagers that the state attorney, if I’ve understood correctly, didn’t want to cross examine, but he did wish to cross examine the applicants’ expert witness who unfortunately was unable to attend. I don’t quite understand the necessity of an expert witness when anyone can present the defendants’ own documents that so clearly prove the crimes committed.

The village chairmen weren’t present in court this time, but the villagers that have filed affidavits were there, represented by advocate Donald Deya.

Unlike in June, when after the horrible silence of 2018 there were some radio interviews, there wasn’t any media coverage at all this time.

This case may go on forever, which would not be much of a problem if we could be certain that the interim orders were respected, but as could be seen in November and December 2018, any lawless brutality can be committed, and sadly without consequences.
photo: Pan African Lawyers Union - PALU

More about the insane proposal

This blog post will be about the court case, but I must soon write another post about the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) Multiple Land Use Model (MLUM) report, or Manongi proposal, or four zones proposal, that as usual with horrible proposals regarding NCA was instigated by visits and reports by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. As mentioned in the latest blog post, the proposal is not only to annex the 1,500 km2 Osero in Loliondo to the NCA, an idea which the court case is supposed to stop, and that in itself would be a disaster, but to do the same with extensive areas of Lake Natron GCA, turn most of those areas into no-go zones for herders and livestock, and to do the same with most villages in NCA.

Since the latest blog post, I eventually got hold of the full report, but besides the names of those involved - like the director of wildlife, Maurus Msuha, as the secretary of the team - it didn’t add much to the conclusions that already had been shared, and mostly it seems to add bulk. In the full report there’s however an explanation that the upgrading of the Klein’s - Mto wa Mbu road will lead to loss in tourism income for the NCAA when visitors choose that route to Serengeti, and that it’s a reason for wanting to annex parts of Loliondo and Lake Natron GCA … Among the bulk, the report also refers to a study (Galvin et al.) which established that on average pastoral women in Loliondo – who aren’t under the yoke of the NCAA - were slightly taller and weighed 3.5kg more than those in NCA, while children of 1.5 to 2 years of age of Loliondo GCA weighed more than those of NCA by at least 1.5kg.

Three “community representatives” were added to the MLUM team, the NCA wards were again toured, and the villagers’ unsurprisingly vehement rejection of any evictions could again be observed. Though the team did not collect the views of people in the areas of Loliondo and Lake Natron that are wanted for annexation. The new version of the report was finished on 30th or 31st October, but it’s impossible to get hold of. Some say that it’s basically the same as the first version, but it was just sent to Minister Kigwangalla who is the one supposed to reveal it, and the so-called “community representatives” are apparently refusing to share the report.  Any help with getting hold of this new report would be more than welcome.

The statement held by the Pastoral Council on 7th October was so weak that it seemed
half compromised (or more), but at least the message was clear that people couldn’t be moved. On 29th October district chairman Siloma read a statement by the ward councillors of Ngorongoro district, and it was even weaker. There was nothing more than a request that, to avoid conflict in the district, the MLUM team must consult with the Ngorongoro councillors before making such a proposal.

It’s hard to find the right words to describe the extreme intentions of that report, but whether I can obtain more information or not, I must write about it again. Though it’s just a proposal and will hopefully be forgotten. Some say that there’s no way that the ruling party would support it, and that this has been assured by important people. So, should I even write about it again? One reason would be to demand accountability from the individuals involved.

Apparently, around 21st November the chairman of the Pastoral Council, Edward Maura, was touring Olbalbal ward together with NCA chief conservator Manongi, the main promoter of the basically genocidal proposal, promising development projects. Unfortunately, Olbalbal is, according to the proposal, where people are supposed to be squeezed-in after evictions from huge areas. Manongi has been described as the Mollel of Ngorongoro division, a person who can openly make the most malicious proposal, but with access to such resources that he will still befriend almost anybody. Though he’s of course more powerful than Mollel, and not in remand prison. Unlike Loliondo, I don’t know enough to analyse NCA. I wish it were all just a big back and forth with the likes of Manongi making horrible threats and then bringing projects to make everyone forget about it, but the facts on the ground is that several grazing areas have been lost the past years.

On 24th November in a ceremony in Dodoma, Manongi presented President Magufuli with an oversized cheque issued to the treasury registrar of 23.538 billion TShs of dividends from the NCAA.
NCAA board chairman Kaswamila, Magufuli, and chief conservator Manongi. photo: NCAA

There may be some good action that I can’t yet write about.

The Osero threat
When the EACJ case was filed
The case was filed on 21st September 2017 by the villages of Ololosokwan, Kirtalo, Oloirien and Arash during a brutal and unexpected invasion of village land per the Village Land Act No 5 of 1999, ordered by DC Rashid Mfaume Taka, officially funded by TANAPA, and implemented by Serengeti National Park rangers, assisted by other rangers (NCA, OBC, anti-poaching), district natural resources, and local police. During a catastrophic drought, like that of 2009 when a similar crime was committed, or worse, hundreds of bomas were razed to the ground, the victims of arson were beaten, some were arbitrarily arrested and taken to Mugumu on the other side of Serengeti National Park. Cattle were illegally seized and even auctioned off. The rangers destroyed the victims’ makeshift shelters, and blocked water sources. They raped several women, and two of them defied strong cultural taboos to come forward to tell their ordeal to the press. The last days before the operation was stopped on 26th October 2017, the rangers started shooting cows in Arash.
Oloosek 13th August 2017

OBC and the draft district land use plan
The land under threat are 1,500 km2 of import dry season land, the Osero (bushland), that different stakeholders want turned into a “protected area” to thereby evict the Maasai landowners who already suffered important loss of land with the creation of Serengeti National Park. Otterlo Business Corporation that since 1992 organizes hunting for Sheikh Mohammed of Dubai has the hunting block (permit to hunt) in the whole of Loliondo Game Controlled Area that’s 4,000 km2 including the whole of Loliondo division of Ngorongoro district and part of Sale division. Though the core hunting area is the 1,500 km2 Osero. In 2010-2011 a draft district land use plan – in its totality funded by OBC - was revealed as proposing to turn this Osero into a protected area, but this was strongly rejected by Ngorongoro district council, since it would have led to destruction of lives and livelihoods, congestion, environmental degradation, and increased conflict.

Kagasheki’s ugly threats and lies
In 2013, Kagasheki, Minister for Natural Resources and Tourism at the time, attempted in his own twisted and vociferous way to alienate the 1,500 km2 Osero, by lying that the whole of Loliondo would be a protected area, and the Maasai landless people who would be generously gifted with the remaining part of their own land. Fortunately, at that time the Loliondo Maasai were somewhat organized, held mass meetings, sent protest delegations to Dar es Salaam and Dodoma, and managed to get support both from the opposition and the ruling party. On 23rd September 2013, in a speech in Wasso PM Pinda publicly recognised the obvious, that the land was village land, and said that the Maasai should continue their lives as before Kagasheki’s threats

Worsened repression

The atrocities of 2009 could never be allowed to be repeated, and the Maasai of 2014 were not those of 1958 (I used to be told), but even so the ever-present divide and rule worsened in closed meetings with Minister Nyalandu, in which money offers were made.
Loliondo had for years been a fearful place for those speaking up against “investors” that disrespect land rights (OBC and Thomson Safaris), it had always been seen as something like a law of nature that all government officials would be completely in the pocket of these “investors” and that those speaking up would be summoned for interrogation by the Ngorongoro security committee. In 2016, the repression worsened considerably, and many people were silenced, not least the local NGOs that the “friends” of investors like to obsess about. There were lengthy, arbitrary arrests and even malicious prosecution.

Majaliwa ”solving the conflict”

In this climate of terror, the journalist that by now has written over 50 articles with hate speech and slander against the Loliondo Maasai while praising OBC (Manyerere Jackton who strangely has been silent since December 2018) called for PM Majaliwa to return Kagasheki’s threat. OBC sent out a press release about a report they’d made about the destructiveness of the Maasai. And, PM Majaliwa set out to “solve the conflict” tasking Arusha RC Gambo with setting up a select committee for this purpose. Leaders of parastatals under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism lobbied for turning the 1,500 km2 into a protected area, and Minister Maghembe was the most rabid of all, declaring, flanked by anti-Loliondo journalists, that the land had to be taken from the Maasai before March 2017. Then Maghembe co-opted a visit by the standing parliamentary committee on natural resources and land, to the degree that some members complained about being used to rubber stamp handing over the land to OBC. Maghembe and the Serengeti chief park warden Mwakilema told this committee that funds from the German development bank were subject to the approval of the land use plan that had proposed turning the Osero into a protected area. This led to big protests by women, and the district council decided that the German money would not be signed.
Leaders started to view RC Gambo as their “only ally”, but when his select committee (not to be confused with the standing committee) toured the Osero to mark “critical areas” there were spontaneous protests in village after village.

The select committee finally, on 21st March 2017, reached a compromise proposal in the form of a WMA (Wildlife Management Area), which earlier had been rejected for a decade and a half, since too much power over the land would, with such a formula, be handed over to investors and central government, but by this time the Maasai were so weakened that it was seen as a victory. This proposal was handed to the PM who was to make a decision.

So, the illegal invasion of village land with massive human rights crimes - starting with Serengeti rangers razing bomas in Oloosek in Ololosokwan on 13th August 2017 - took place while everyone was waiting to hear from the PM, which led some to first not believe what was happening. Next day MP Olenasha wrote a post in social media saying that he was very sorry, that the he and other leaders were only aware of an operation to remove livestock from the National Park, hadn’t been involved in anything else, that residing near the boundary isn’t against the law, and that they were doing all they could to stop the operation. To date he hasn’t spoken up publicly, but others did in media, informing the Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance (CHRAGG) that issued interim orders that were ignored, and initiating the case in the East African Court of Justice.

A couple of weeks after having been installed, and after having made some strange statements, the new Minister for Natural Resources and Tourism, Hamisi Kigwangalla stopped the operation and made some splendid promises, like saying that OBC would have left the country before January 2018, which he later changed his mind about …

Germans
On 13th November 2017, Kigwangalla received a delegation headed by the German ambassador and announced that the Germans were going to fund community development projects in Loliondo, “in our quest to save the Serengeti”. Fears that the District Chairman had secretly signed the German money seemed confirmed. On 22nd August 2017 – while Loliondo was burning - a smiling German ambassador, had been seen all over media handing over office and residential buildings for park staff in Fort Ikoma in Serengeti National Park to an equally smiling Minister Maghembe, while commenting on the long and successful partnership between Germany and Tanzania in protecting the Serengeti. Though almost two years after Maghembe and Mwakilema, in March 2017, had told the parliamentary standing committee that the German funds were subject to turning the Osero into a protected area, representatives of the development bank, in an interview with Conservation Watch, denied that there was any such requirement.

On 6th December 2017, PM Majaliwa finally delivered his long awaited, and much feared, decision about the 1,500 km2 Osero. The decision was a disappointment, but not the protected area wanted by OBC and others. Instead it was something vague about preparing a legal bill to form a special authority to manage the land, which was celebrated by OBC’s “journalist”(Asante Sana Waziri Mkuu, Uhifadhi Umeshinda). Later it was said that this would mean placing the land under the NCAA. Fortunately, any implementation has been delayed, and will hopefully be forgotten.

The horror of 2018

In 2018, the fear and silence worsened considerably when the Tanzania People’s Defence Force in March set up camp in Lopolun, near Wasso.

On 19th April OBC’s assistant director handed over 15 Toyota Landcruisers, worth over TShs 1,5 billion, to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. It wasn’t the first time OBC had shown this kind of generosity.

Between late June and late August 2018, the soldiers stationed at Lopolun attacked and tortured several groups of innocent people.

In violation of interim orders issued by the EACJ on 25th September, on 8th November 2018, the soldiers started beating and chasing away herders and livestock from areas around OBC’s camp, that was being prepared for guests. Between 14th and 19th November, they burned down bomas in several areas of Kirtalo and Ololosokwan. These soldiers also seized cattle on village land and tried to hand them over to Serengeti rangers. Not one single leader of any kind dared to speak up, since at this time they thought that the order came from the president. The DC denied any knowledge.

On 19th and 20th December 2018, the soldiers attacked any person they came across and who wasn’t fast enough in Kirtalo and Ololoskwan. Old men, a boy herding cattle, and a pregnant woman were severely beaten. They also tried to seize cattle again. Then, on 21st December 2018, the soldiers burned 12 or 13 bomas in the Leken area of Kirtalo. All leaders stayed silent, but the DC wrote a message shared in Whatsapp that he had been away, was unaware, but sorry about the atrocity, that there wasn’t any “operation”, and that a team would be sent to the area. He did not in any way mention that the perpetrators were soldiers.

2019…

2019 started with illegal arrests ordered by the DC during a visit by RC Gambo, but then the RC made a statement condemning the arson, albeit in a vague way, as if he didn’t know that the perpetrators were soldiers.
A statement by the president mentioning that he wasn’t happy seeing pastoralists and cultivators being evicted all over the country was much celebrated, but the fear and silence didn’t go away.

Mollel’s prolonged arrest
Surprisingly, OBC’s untouchable director, Isaack Mollel, was arrested, first for employing foreigners without permits and then for economic sabotage, including tax evasion and forgery of vehicle documents, for which he continues locked up in remand prison since March 2019. Other than a brief arrest of former District Security Officer Ng’itu – who had received money from Mollel and who was suspected of having committed forgery together with the OBC director - before he was released and promoted …  all government officials who for years have been working for OBC, seem to be getting away with everything. I have no idea why Mollel is being targeted like this with irrelevant crimes, when he – and his accomplices – have caused so much suffering for so many years. The latest of many postponements set the hearing date for 4th December.
Reportedly, OBC have been very passive, just driving around – until 21st November when they got a visit (see below).

The shocking plan
When for a long time nothing had been heard about the land alienation plans, on 22nd September 2019, what can’t be described in any other way than as a plan to kill pastoralism and Maasai culture and life in the whole of Ngorongoro district was presented at the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) headquarters. Kigwangalla was there defending the plan in the creepiest way, but he also said that it was just a proposal, that community representatives would be added for another tour of the NCA wards
On 26th September the RAI newspaper published an article in which NCA chief conservator Freddy Manongi boasts about the basically genocidal plan. It seems like only with this article did anyone in Loliondo get to know about the plan.
The proposal is to annex the 1,500 km2 Osero to NCA and to turn all, or almost all, of it into a no-go zone for people and livestock. This is the disaster that OBC and others have been lobbying for, and that has been resisted, and is being resisted with the EACJ case. Though this proposal is to do the same to a huge part of Lake Natron GCA, and to also turn more areas of NCA into no-go zones.

As mentioned, the reactions by all leaders have been very unsatisfactory indeed, and the supposed “community representatives” aren’t sharing the new version of the report that’s been sent to Kigwangalla. The most optimistic say that the proposal will be forgotten, and everything will continue as usual.

How the defendants have reacted to being sued – committing outrageous perjury

On 9th November 2017, the Attorney General (AG) responded with a preliminary objection that the villages couldn’t sue the government, since they were part of the same government. The AG pretended that the 1,500 km2 would at some point have been converted into a protected area, calling this land the “Wildlife Conservation Area” and the “game reserve”. This was the lie that Maghembe had been telling during the illegal operation, while the DC and the ministry had another version, not hiding that the land invaded by the illegal operation was village land, but pretending that mass arson was acceptable, since it was too easy for herders to enter the national park. This first response does of course not make sense at all, since the land has never been converted into any protected area, and the AG’s response was written while everyone was waiting to hear PM Majaliwa’s decision.

On 25th January 2018 the court dismissed the AG’s preliminary objection.

The last week of May 2018, the efforts to derail the EACJ case moved on to an intimidation campaign against leaders and common villagers in the villages that had sued the government. There were multiple arrests and summons to the police station, and these illegal efforts terrified and silenced everyone. The intimidation drive was led by acting OCCID (Officer Commanding Criminal Investigation Department of Ngorongoro District) Marwa W. Mwita. The village chairmen were prevented from attending a court hearing on 7th June 2018, since they had to present themselves at Loliondo police station. Some former friends of mine haven’t even said “hello” since this time, which may illustrate the fear that was worse than during the extremely violent operation in 2017, or the multiple arrests of 2016.

On 20th June 2018, the defendant had several witnesses, not least the acting OCCID, swearing affidavits with claims about forgery, impersonation, and illegal assembly regarding the village meetings in which it was decided to sue the government. In these affidavits the new lies about an operation that would have taken place exclusively in the national park was introduced by a Serengeti park warden called Julius Francis Musei, but still in an attached letter from the OCCID the first lie, describing the illegal operation as carried out to evict some residents in the Game Controlled Area “within” Loliondo Division (The GCA is bigger than the Division) … was being used. Affidavits were also sworn by the VEOs of Oloirien and Kirtalo (Leni Emil Saingo and Kayamba Burhani Luena) and the acting VEO of Ololosokwan (Godfrey K. Augustino), and agricultural offer Victor Kaiza who acted as DED since Raphael Siumbu suffered a mild stroke on the way to attend court in Arusha on 5th May.

On Tuesday 25th September 2018 the East African Court of Justice, via the Justices Monica K. Mugenyi, Faustin Ntezilyayo, and Fakihi A. Jundu, delivered its ruling on Application No.15 of 2017, and issued interim orders restraining the government from evicting the villagers from the 1,500 km2, destroying their houses, or confiscating their livestock. There were also orders restraining the office of the Inspector General of Police from harassing or intimidating the Applicants in relation to the main case.

As mentioned, the interim orders were in November and December 2018 violated in an extremely violent way by soldiers.

In the EACJ on 5th March 2019, the applicants had to ask for an adjournment, since they hadn’t been able to find an expert cartographer in time. They had also thought that the defendants would ask for an adjournment, since they hadn’t filed affidavits themselves, but strangely it was found that they had indeed done so in December 2018. In these affidavits DC Rashid Mfaume Taka, DED Raphael Siumbu, park warden Julius Francis Musei, geographical information system officer Alli Kassim Shakha, and wildlife officer and traitor Nganana Mothi commit the outrageous perjury of saying that the 2017 operation did not take place on village land, but only in the national park!
They did this despite the fact that it was the DC himself who ordered the illegal operation and was quoted in the statement by the MNRT, and despite the map by TANAPA that showed that the overwhelming majority of bomas were burned on village land. The DC had also told OBC’s “journalist” that 241 bomas were burned on village land. Alli Kassim Shakha just faked a new map for the hearing … 

The perjurers’ own documents

As mentioned, besides thousands of direct victims and other witnesses, the defendants’ own documents prove their illegal invasion of village land

A letter dated 4th August 2017, “Mpango kazi wa zoezi la kuondoa mifugo ndani ya Hifadhi ya taifa Serengeti na kwenye mpaka ya Pori Tengefu Loliondo” written by one Ismail O. Ismail on behalf of the Chief Park Warden of Serengeti National Park (at that time William Mwakilema) to DC Rashid Mfaume Taka revealed that the Ngorongoro Security Committee, headed by the DC, on 23rd June 2017 ordered the Serengeti National Park to plan the operation to remove livestock from the park, and “from the boundary”. The letter also informs the DC that as requested by the security committee, the national park had obtained funding for the operation, and the leadership of TANAPA had authorized it. This letter was shared in social media by OBC’s assistant director a couple of days after the illegal operation had been initiated on 13th August. The letter is copied to the Arusha RC, the Serengeti DC, and the Ngorongoro DED. An attached work plan was mentioned, which could refer to a map made by TANAPA

TANAPA’s map, “Livestock and Bomas Evacuation Exercise 2017”, was eventually shared and very clearly showed that the majority of burned bomas were on village land outside the park, while almost all of those inside the national park were in a disputed area where there was an additional boundary marked by stone piles and where the rangers let people live for years (paying "fees") before evicting them, and letting them back, in 2015.
Crystal clear map by TANAPA

In a letter dated 5th August 2017, “Ilani ya kuondoka kwa wafugaji wanoishi ndani na mpakani mwa Hifadhi ya Taifa Serengeti”  the DC ordered the removal of livestock and housing from Serengeti National Park, and bordering areas (village land). The order says, after mentioning talks about Kenyan invaders,  that herders that hadn’t moved from the park and “very near the boundary” (mpakani kabisa) “back to residential areas in the villages” (closer to the village centres, supposedly?) by 10th August would be removed by force, by the Ngorongoro and Serengeti district security committees, and a special force from SENAPA and NCA. The letter is directed to the ward councillors and Village Executive Officers of Piyaya, Arash, Maaloni, Oloipiri, Soitsambu, Oloirien and Ololosokwan wards, and is copied to the RC, MP, TANAPA Director General, Serengeti Chief Park Warden, District Executive Officer, National Security Officer, and Police Commander. This proves in black on white that the rotten perjurer himself officially ordered the illegal operation.

On 17th August 2017, the Ministry for Natural Resources and Tourism issued a press statement, “Taarifa kwa umma juu ya zoezi la kuondoa mifugo na makazi ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa Serengeti na kwenye mpaka wa Pori Tengefu Loliondo”, explaining the removal of cattle and housing from Serengeti National Park and the boundary of Loliondo Game Controlled Area. This statement explained that the operation involved the Ngorongoro Security Committee led by DC Rashid Mfaume Taka, the District Council (how?), National Security, Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority. The aim was to protect conservation in the park, Loliondo GCA and the Serengeti Ecosystem, and to protect the tourism business. In the words of the DC it’s explained that the operation in Loliondo GCA would take place on a 90 km stretch from north to south and with a width of 5 km (obviously village land), “kwa upande wa mpaka wa Pori Tengefu Loliondo zoezi litaanzia kaskazini hadi kusini urefu wa kilometa 90, na upana wake utakuwa kilometa 5”. The ministry in this statement “explains” that nobody is being beaten during the exercise, that bomas are being burned after people have left, and it complains that those that want to “incite hatred against the government” had mentioned the shooting of Parmoson Ololoso in connection with the operation when it happened five days before it began.

The source in obviously not reliable, but on 12th September 2017, an article (NGO ya Uingereza yamjaribu Magufuli) by the unhinged anti-Loliondo journalist Manyerere Jackton was published in the Jamhuri newspaper. TANAPA’s map is published in this article and the DC is quoted saying that 89 bomas had been burned inside Serengeti National Park (almost exclusively in the disputed areas of Maaloni and Arash where bomas were burned in 2015) and 241 bomas in the 5 km “border area” (village land). The journalist - who earlier had been slandering the DC – now when he had turned into a human rights criminal started quoting his words as were they the truth. On 21st August 2017 the less prolific OBC-friendly journalist Masyaga Matinyi had in a Mtanzania newspaper article, “Operesheni Loliondo yapotoshwa”, quoted DC Mfaume Taka saying that the operation was not about removing people from the 1,500 km2, since the PM had not yet made his decision about it, that it was taking place in a 450km2 “boundary area”, and that OBC were not involved, while in the same article. article Minister Maghembe is quoted saying that the 1,500 km2 was a “game reserve”, pretending that the PM would already have made such a decision, and that the bomas were being burned by NGOs to distort the truth and persuade their donors …

Reports about the strangest study tour to OBC’s camp
On 21st November many vehicles were observed driving to OBC’s camp. Then it was said that some MPs (not the Ngorongoro MP) together with people with disabilities had made a tourism study visit to the camp. This sounds very far from OBC’s core activities that are organising hunting for a ruthless, and PR conscious, dictator who has kidnapped his own daughters, and to lobby for alienating land from indigenous people. I’m trying to find out exactly what’s going on, but it isn’t easy.

I hope I won't get new threats and crimes against the Maasai of Ngorongoro to report about, but I still need to deal with past and current horrors and am grateful for any help.


Susanna Nordlund
(if I don’t respond to important emails, they may have got stuck in the spam filter, so in that case please try to alert me through another channel)

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